Migrant crisis: EU splits exposed as summit looms
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Out of media player. Press enter to return or tab to continue.Media captionBBC reporters describe the scene at some of Europe's migrant hotspots
Migrant crisis
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EU migration: Crisis in graphics
Splits within the EU on the relocation of 120,000 migrants have been further exposed as leaders gather for an emergency meeting in Brussels.
Slovakia is launching a legal challenge to mandatory quotas that were passed in a majority vote on Tuesday.
Hungary's PM defended its "democratic rights" and proposed a radical budgetary revamp to raise funds.
The summit will focus on tightening EU borders and aiding neighbours of Syria, from where many migrants come.
Migrant crisis: Latest updates
EU leaders have struggled to find a co-ordinated response to the crisis.
British Prime Minster David Cameron and French President Francois Hollande held talks on the eve of the meeting, saying that finding a solution to the Syrian conflict would be key to resolving the migrant crisis.
They also agreed more should be done to return migrants who do not have a genuine claim for asylum, a Downing Street spokesman said.
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The UK has opted against taking part in the relocation scheme and has its own plan to resettle migrants directly from Syrian refugee camps.
Ahead of the summit on Wednesday, the European Commission set out proposals for managing the refugee crisis. They include:
Rolling out support teams to migrant hotspots
Restoring free movement in the Schengen zone. A number of members have recently introduced border controls
The issuing of warnings to 19 member states for failing to follow asylum procedures
A proposal of an additional €1.7bn ($1.9bn; £1.24bn) in funds to tackle the crisis. This includes:
Mobilising €1bn to help Turkey
Increasing humanitarian aid by €300m
Increasing funding to the Frontex, Europol and European Asylum Support Office agencies
The scale of the problem was highlighted again on Wednesday when Croatia revealed that 44,000 migrants - including 8,750 on Tuesday - had arrived on its soil since Hungary completed a fence along its border with Serbia last week.
Analysis: Chris Morris, BBC Europe correspondent
European Council President Donald Tusk has told EU leaders that this summit should focus on policies they can implement to help each other, rather than a long list of issues to use to blame each other.
It is both an appeal for practical progress, and an acknowledgement that the political atmosphere has become pretty toxic.
Several leaders will arrive in Brussels angry that their governments have been outvoted on the issue of relocating tens of thousands of refugees. But Mr Tusk will be keen to avoid recrimination.
Instead he wants to focus on improving the security of the EU's external borders, and ensuring that failed asylum seekers get sent home more efficiently.
Most of all though there will be emphasis on increasing funding for UN agencies that deal with refugees in countries bordering Syria, and on closer cooperation with, and more assistance for, Turkey. It is housing more than 2m Syrian refugees, and has become the main gateway into Europe.
Relocation deal explained
Hungary proposes its own deal
Why central Europe says 'No'
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Out of media player. Press enter to return or tab to continue.Media captionPaul Adams explains what sort of action the EU might take
'Moral imperialism'
In a rare move for an issue involving national sovereignty, EU interior ministers approved the resettlement scheme on Tuesday by majority vote rather than unanimous approval.
EU Migration and Home Affairs Commissioner Dimitris Avramopoulos denied this was harmful to the EU, saying as he arrived for the leaders' summit on Wednesday: "On the contrary, it is a victory for the EU and for all member states."
The deal will see thousands of migrants moved from Italy and Greece to other EU countries. A proposal to take 54,000 migrants from Hungary was dropped.
Image copyrightReutersImage captionCroatia says 44,000 migrants have arrived since last weekFinland abstained from the vote. Poland, which had originally opposed the proposal, voted for it.
But its opponents have lashed out. On Wednesday, Slovakia announced a legal challenge.
Prime Minister Robert Fico said: "We will go in two directions: first one, we will file a charge at the [European Court of Justice] in Luxembourg... secondly, we will not implement the [decision] of the interior ministers."
Hungarian PM Viktor Orban insisted his country had a "democratic right" to a different approach and rejected what he called German Chancellor Angela Merkel's "moral imperialism".
Czech President Milos Zeman said on Tuesday that "only the future will show what a mistake this was".
Image copyrightAFPImage captionClose to 480,000 migrants have arrived in Europe by sea this yearHowever, Czech PM Bohuslav Sobotka said on Wednesday it would not launch a court challenge, adding: "Europe must not fall apart on the migration crisis."
Romania said it could manage its allocation but President Klaus Iohannis insisted mandatory quotas were not the answer.
EU governments could face financial penalties for failing to implement European laws.
The UN has warned that the relocation alone would not be enough to stabilise the situation.
Close to 480,000 migrants have arrived in Europe by sea this year, and are now reaching European shores at a rate of nearly 6,000 a day.
Who are the 120,000?
All are migrants "in clear need of international protection" to be resettled from Italy and Greece to other EU member states
15,600 from Italy, 50,400 from Greece in the first year, and a further 54,000 from those countries later dependent on the situation
Initial screening of asylum applicants carried out in Greece and Italy
Syrians, Eritreans, Iraqis prioritised
Financial penalty of 0.002% of GDP for those member countries refusing to accept relocated migrants
Relocation to accepting countries depends on size of economy and population, average number of asylum applications
Transfer of individual applicants within two months
Source: European Commission
How is migrant crisis dividing EU?
EU migration: Crisis in graphics
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives, who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.
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